These notes are a summary of concepts presented in “Radical atoms: beyond tangible bits, toward transformable materials.”
Hiroshi Ishii, Dávid Lakatos, Leonardo Bonanni, and Jean-Baptiste Labrune. 2012. Radical atoms: beyond tangible bits, toward transformable materials. interactions 19, 1 (January + February 2012), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.1145/2065327.2065337
- Tangible User Interfaces
- Tangible User Interfaces act as physical manifestations of computation
- Enable direct interaction with tangible digital representations
- Material Evolution
- Hypothetical materials that change form dynamically
- As reconfigurable as digital pixels
- A vision where all digital information has a physical form
- Characteristics of Tangible User Interfaces
- Leverage human dexterity for digital interactions
- Expand physical objects’ affordances for digital engagement
- Utilize haptic perception and peripheral attention
- Blend different materials and forms for diverse interactions
- Interactive Surfaces and Tabletop Tangible User Interfaces
- Support collaborative design and simulation
- Use tangible objects sensed by augmented workbenches
- Maintain input/output space coincidence via video projections
- Perceptual Coupling in Tangible User Interfaces
- Balance between tangible and digital representations
- Coupling between physical interfaces and computational models
- Challenge of keeping physical and digital states synchronized
- Actuation and Kinetic Elements in Tangible User Interfaces
- Kinetic memory – recording and replaying physical motion
- Motors, gears, robots, and shape-memory alloys for actuation
- Tangibles as active computational feedback channels
- Remote haptic manipulations for distributed collaboration
- Tangible User Interface Concepts
- 2D tabletop discrete tangibles
- Enable smooth object movement on surfaces
- Antigravity tangibles
- Levitating and syncing physical forms
- Transformable interfaces
- Dynamically changing structures to reflect computation
- 2D tabletop discrete tangibles
- User Interaction and Material Transformation
- Interfaces respond to direct manipulation, gestures, and graphical user interfaces
- Shape transformation updates underlying digital models in real time
- Users can translate, rotate, and reconfigure objects
- Materials transform dynamically to display digital information
- Design Considerations
- Must adhere to environmental and programmed constraints
- Ensure user safety and intuitive affordances
- Context-aware transformations based on situational factors
- Human-Material Interaction and Material User Interfaces
- Integration of actuation and flexible materials
- Any object can embody and respond to digital information
- Towards fully interactive and shape-changing physical interfaces